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A "split" extension G of groups N and F which contains a subgroup F^_ isomorphic to F with G=F^_N^_ and F^_ intersection N^_={e} (Ito 1987, p. 710). Then the semidirect ...

Let the values of a function f(x) be tabulated at points x_i equally spaced by h=x_(i+1)-x_i, so f_1=f(x_1), f_2=f(x_2), ..., f_4=f(x_4). Then Simpson's 3/8 rule ...

The square wave, also called a pulse train, or pulse wave, is a periodic waveform consisting of instantaneous transitions between two levels. The square wave is sometimes ...

The distribution of a variable is a description of the relative numbers of times each possible outcome will occur in a number of trials. The function describing the ...

Every smooth manifold M has a tangent bundle TM, which consists of the tangent space TM_p at all points p in M. Since a tangent space TM_p is the set of all tangent vectors ...

The contraction of a tensor is obtained by setting unlike indices equal and summing according to the Einstein summation convention. Contraction reduces the tensor rank by 2. ...

A piecewise linear, one-dimensional map on the interval [0,1] exhibiting chaotic dynamics and given by x_(n+1)=mu(1-2|x_n-1/2|). (1) The first few iterations of (1) give x_1 ...

In each of the ten cases with zero or unit mass, the finite part of the scalar 3-loop tetrahedral vacuum Feynman diagram reduces to four-letter "words" that represent ...

A continuous group G which has the topology of a T2-space is a topological group. The simplest example is the group of real numbers under addition. The homeomorphism group of ...

A topological space M satisfying some separability (i.e., it is a T2-space) and countability (i.e., it is a paracompact space) conditions such that every point p in M has a ...