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An array is a "list of lists" with the length of each level of list the same. The size (sometimes called the "shape") of a d-dimensional array is then indicated as ...

The Wiener sum index WS is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes by WS=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n((d)_(ij))/((Omega)_(ij)), where (d)_(ij) is the graph distance matrix ...

The norm of a mathematical object is a quantity that in some (possibly abstract) sense describes the length, size, or extent of the object. Norms exist for complex numbers ...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph is the numerically second smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. In other ...

The circumnormal triangle is an equilateral triangle with vertices on the circumcircle of a reference triangle DeltaABC obtained by rotating the circumtangential triangle by ...

Let (Omega)_(ij) be the resistance distance matrix of a connected graph G on n nodes. Then Foster's theorems state that sum_((i,j) in E(G)))Omega_(ij)=n-1, where E(g) is the ...

The Laplacian spectral radius of a finite graph is defined as the largest value of its Laplacian spectrum, i.e., the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix (Lin et al. ...

If g is a Lie algebra, then a subspace a of g is said to be a Lie subalgebra if it is closed under the Lie bracket. That is, a is a Lie subalgebra of g if for all x,y in a, ...

A vector space V with a ring structure and a vector norm such that for all v,W in V, ||vw||<=||v||||w||. If V has a multiplicative identity 1, it is also required that ...

The rook numbers r_k^((m,n)) of an m×n board are the number of subsets of size k such that no two elements have the same first or second coordinate. In other word, it is the ...