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A relation "<=" is called a preorder (or quasiorder) on a set S if it satisfies: 1. Reflexivity: a<=a for all a in S. 2. Transitivity: a<=b and b<=c implies a<=c. A preorder ...

The present value v_n of a single payment made at n periods in the future is v_n=p/((1+r)^n), (1) where n is the number of periods until payment, p is the payment amount, and ...

A knot obtained from a tangle which can be represented by a finite sequence of integers.

Each prime factor p_i^(alpha_i) in an integer's prime factorization is called a primary.

An irreducible algebraic integer which has the property that, if it divides the product of two algebraic integers, then it divides at least one of the factors. 1 and -1 are ...

Find two numbers such that x^2=y^2 (mod n). If you know the greatest common divisor of n and x-y, there exists a high probability of determining a prime factor. Taking small ...

An Abelian planar difference set of order n exists only for n a prime power. Gordon (1994) has verified it to be true for n<2000000.

1 and -1 are the only integers which divide every integer. They are therefore called the prime units.

The set of prime numbers, sometimes denoted P (Derbyshire 2004, p. 163), and implemented in the Wolfram Language as Primes. In the Wolfram Language, a quantity can be tested ...

A polytope in n-dimensional Euclidean space R^n whose vertices are integer lattice points but which does not contain any other lattice points in its interior or on its ...