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Stadium billiards refers to the investigation of the path of a billiard ball on a stadium-shaped billiard table, as first investigated by Bunimovich (1974).

A number of attractive tetrahedron 6-compounds can be constructed. The first compound (left figures) is obtained by combining three stella octangula. A second can be obtained ...

Color each segment of a knot diagram using one of three colors. If 1. At any crossing, either the colors are all different or all the same, and 2. At least two colors are ...

Power formulas include sin^2x = 1/2[1-cos(2x)] (1) sin^3x = 1/4[3sinx-sin(3x)] (2) sin^4x = 1/8[3-4cos(2x)+cos(4x)] (3) and cos^2x = 1/2[1+cos(2x)] (4) cos^3x = ...

A module having only one element: the singleton set {*}. It is a module over any ring R with respect to the multiplication defined by a*=* (1) for every a in R, and the ...

An unhappy number is a number that is not happy, i.e., a number n such that iterating this sum-of-squared-digits map starting with n never reaches the number 1. The first few ...

A natural transformation Phi_Y:B(AY)->Y is called unital if the leftmost diagram above commutes. Similarly, a natural transformation Psi_Y:Y->A(BY) is called unital if the ...

In predicate calculus, a universal formula is a prenex normal form formula (i.e., a formula written as a string of quantifiers and bound variables followed by a ...

Let X=(X,tau) be a topological vector space whose continuous dual X^* may or may not separate points (i.e., may or may not be T2). The weak-* (pronounced "weak star") ...

An analytic function approaches any given value arbitrarily closely in any epsilon-neighborhood of an essential singularity.