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Let p(d) be the probability that a random walk on a d-D lattice returns to the origin. In 1921, Pólya proved that p(1)=p(2)=1, (1) but p(d)<1 (2) for d>2. Watson (1939), ...

A hyperbola for which the asymptotes are perpendicular, also called an equilateral hyperbola or right hyperbola. This occurs when the semimajor and semiminor axes are equal. ...

In analysis, the phrase "Riesz-Fischer theorem" is used to describe a number of results concerning the convergence of Cauchy sequences in L-p spaces. The theorem is named for ...

Topology

The golden ratio, also known as the divine proportion, golden mean, or golden section, is a number often encountered when taking the ratios of distances in simple geometric ...

A group or other algebraic object is said to be Abelian (sometimes written in lower case, i.e., "abelian") if the law of commutativity always holds. The term is named after ...

An additive category is a category for which the morphism sets have the structure of Abelian groups. It satisfies some, but not all the properties of an Abelian category.

A number which does not divide another exactly. For instance, 4 and 5 are aliquant divisors of 6. A number which is not an aliquant divisor (i.e., one that does divide ...

Alpha is the name for the first letter in the Greek alphabet: alpha. In finance, alpha is a financial measure giving the difference between a fund's actual return and its ...

The term "amplitude" is used to refer to the magnitude of an oscillation, so the amplitude of the sinusoid y=Asin(omegat) is |A|, where |A| is the absolute value of A. The ...