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A magic square-type arrangement of the words in the Latin sentence "Sator Arepo tenet opera rotas" ("the farmer Arepo keeps the world rolling"). This square has been found in ...

A transcendental number is a (possibly complex) number that is not the root of any integer polynomial, meaning that it is not an algebraic number of any degree. Every real ...

A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

The Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms are the basis for Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. In the following (Jech 1997, p. 1), exists stands for exists, forall means for all, in stands for ...

Let x=[a_0;a_1,...]=a_0+1/(a_1+1/(a_2+1/(a_3+...))) (1) be the simple continued fraction of a "generic" real number x, where the numbers a_i are the partial denominator. ...

An additive group is a group where the operation is called addition and is denoted +. In an additive group, the identity element is called zero, and the inverse of the ...

The lattice method is an alternative to long multiplication for numbers. In this approach, a lattice is first constructed, sized to fit the numbers being multiplied. If we ...

Power formulas include sin^2x = 1/2[1-cos(2x)] (1) sin^3x = 1/4[3sinx-sin(3x)] (2) sin^4x = 1/8[3-4cos(2x)+cos(4x)] (3) and cos^2x = 1/2[1+cos(2x)] (4) cos^3x = ...

A camel graph is a graph formed by all possible moves of a hypothetical chess piece called a "camel" which moves analogously to a knight except that it is restricted to moves ...

A phenomenological law also called the first digit law, first digit phenomenon, or leading digit phenomenon. Benford's law states that in listings, tables of statistics, ...