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The number of representations of n by k squares, allowing zeros and distinguishing signs and order, is denoted r_k(n). The special case k=2 corresponding to two squares is ...

A sum is the result of an addition. For example, adding 1, 2, 3, and 4 gives the sum 10, written 1+2+3+4=10. (1) The numbers being summed are called addends, or sometimes ...

The exponential sum function e_n(x), sometimes also denoted exp_n(x), is defined by e_n(x) = sum_(k=0)^(n)(x^k)/(k!) (1) = (e^xGamma(n+1,x))/(Gamma(n+1)), (2) where ...

A function is a relation that uniquely associates members of one set with members of another set. More formally, a function from A to B is an object f such that every a in A ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

Given a function of the form y=a+blnx, (1) the coefficients can be found from least squares fitting as b = ...

Given a function of the form y=Ax^B, (1) least squares fitting gives the coefficients as b = ...

For a given function f(x) over a partition of a given interval, the lower sum is the sum of box areas m^*Deltax_k using the infimum m of the function f(x) in each subinterval ...

The sum c_q(m)=sum_(h^*(q))e^(2piihm/q), (1) where h runs through the residues relatively prime to q, which is important in the representation of numbers by the sums of ...

For a given bounded function f(x) over a partition of a given interval, the upper sum is the sum of box areas M^*Deltax_k using the supremum M of the function f(x) in each ...