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Given two bicentric points P=p:q:r and U=u:v:w, their bicentric sum is defined by p+u:q+v:r:w.

For a given function f(x) over a partition of a given interval, the lower sum is the sum of box areas m^*Deltax_k using the infimum m of the function f(x) in each subinterval ...

Two oriented knots (or links) can be summed by placing them side by side and joining them by straight bars so that orientation is preserved in the sum. The knot sum is also ...

The Kronecker sum is the matrix sum defined by A direct sum B=A tensor I_b+I_a tensor B, (1) where A and B are square matrices of order a and b, respectively, I_n is the ...

In a space E equipped with a symmetric, differential k-form, or Hermitian form, the orthogonal sum is the direct sum of two subspaces V and W, which are mutually orthogonal. ...

An operation that takes two vector bundles over a fixed space and produces a new vector bundle over the same space. If E_1 and E_2 are vector bundles over B, then the Whitney ...

Sylvester's four-point problem asks for the probability q(R) that four points chosen at random in a planar region R have a convex hull which is a quadrilateral (Sylvester ...

Direct sums are defined for a number of different sorts of mathematical objects, including subspaces, matrices, modules, and groups. The matrix direct sum is defined by ...

For a given bounded function f(x) over a partition of a given interval, the upper sum is the sum of box areas M^*Deltax_k using the supremum M of the function f(x) in each ...

A vector sum is the result of adding two or more vectors together via vector addition. It is denoted using the normal plus sign, i.e., the vector sum of vectors A, B, and C ...