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The multiplicative suborder of a number a (mod n) is the least exponent e>0 such that a^e=+/-1 (mod n), or zero if no such e exists. An e always exists if GCD(a,n)=1 and n>1. ...

The odd divisor function sigma_k^((o))(n)=sum_(d|n; d odd)d^k (1) is the sum of kth powers of the odd divisors of a number n. It is the analog of the divisor function for odd ...

An elliptic function with no poles in a fundamental cell is a constant.

The two-argument Ramanujan function is defined by phi(a,n) = 1+2sum_(k=1)^(n)1/((ak)^3-ak) (1) = 1-1/a(H_(-1/a)+H_(1/a)+2H_n-H_(n-1/a)-H_(n+1/a)). (2) The one-argument ...

The convex hull of two or more functions is the largest function that is concave from above and does not exceed the given functions.

The probability that a random integer between 1 and x will have its greatest prime factor <=x^alpha approaches a limiting value F(alpha) as x->infty, where F(alpha)=1 for ...

A "curve" (i.e., a continuous map of a one-dimensional interval) into a two-dimensional area (a plane-filling function) or a three-dimensional volume.

An anti-analytic function is a function f satisfying the condition (df)/(dz)=0. (1) Using the result ...

An asymmetrical apodization function defined by M(x,b,d)={0 for x<-b; (x-b)/(2b) for -b<x<b; 1 for b<x<b+2d; 0 for x<b+2d, (1) where the two-sided portion is 2b long (total) ...

The Coulomb wave function is a special case of the confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind. It gives the solution to the radial Schrödinger equation in the ...