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A hypergeometric series sum_(k)c_k is a series for which c_0=1 and the ratio of consecutive terms is a rational function of the summation index k, i.e., one for which ...

The identity function id(x) is the function id(x)=x which assigns every real number x to the same real number x. It is identical to the identity map. The identity function is ...

The imaginary part I[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number multiplying i, so I[x+iy]=y. In terms of z itself, I[z]=(z-z^_)/(2i), where z^_ is the complex conjugate ...

A generalization of the complete beta function defined by B(z;a,b)=int_0^zu^(a-1)(1-u)^(b-1)du, (1) sometimes also denoted B_z(a,b). The so-called Chebyshev integral is given ...

The "complete" gamma function Gamma(a) can be generalized to the incomplete gamma function Gamma(a,x) such that Gamma(a)=Gamma(a,0). This "upper" incomplete gamma function is ...

A function f(x) increases on an interval I if f(b)>=f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. If f(b)>f(a) for all b>a, the function is said to be strictly increasing. Conversely, a ...

An integral of the form intf(z)dz, (1) i.e., without upper and lower limits, also called an antiderivative. The first fundamental theorem of calculus allows definite ...

An independent variable is a variable whose values don't depend on changes in other variables. This is in contrast to the definition of dependent variable. As with dependent ...

The technique of extracting the content from geometric (tensor) equations by working in component notation and rearranging indices as required. Index gymnastics is a ...

An indicial equation, also called a characteristic equation, is a recurrence equation obtained during application of the Frobenius method of solving a second-order ordinary ...