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Elementary number theory is the branch of number theory in which elementary methods (i.e., arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra) are used to solve equations with ...

A representation phi of a group G is faithful if it is one-to-one, i.e., if phi(g)=phi(h) implies g=h for g,h in G. Equivalently, phi is faithful if phi(g)=I_n implies g=e, ...

The free product G*H of groups G and H is the set of elements of the form g_1h_1g_2h_2...g_rh_r, where g_i in G and h_i in H, with g_1 and h_r possibly equal to e, the ...

Let F be a field of field characteristic p. Then the Frobenius automorphism on F is the map phi:F->F which maps alpha to alpha^p for each element alpha of F.

Let G be a group and S be a set. Then S is called a left G-set if there exists a map phi:G×S->S such that phi(g_1,phi(g_2,s))=phi(g_1g_2,s) for all s in S and all g_1,g_2 in ...

A group set is a set whose elements are acted on by a group. If the group G acts on the set S, then S is called a G-set. Let G be a group and let S be a G-set. Then for every ...

Let K be a number field with ring of integers R and let A be a nontrivial ideal of R. Then the ideal class of A, denoted [A], is the set of fractional ideals B such that ...

An inner automorphism of a group G is an automorphism of the form phi(g)=h^(-1)gh, where h is a fixed element of G. The automorphism of the symmetric group S_3 that maps the ...

A letter is an element of an alphabet. A collection of letters forms a word.

The ring of integers of a number field K, denoted O_K, is the set of algebraic integers in K, which is a ring of dimension d over Z, where d is the extension degree of K over ...