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A knot having the property that no surgery could possibly yield a counterexample to the Poincaré conjecture is said to satisfy Property P (Adams 1994, p. 262).

A metric space Z^^ in which the closure of a congruence class B(j,m) is the corresponding congruence class {x in Z^^|x=j (mod m)}.

An action which adds a single element to the top of a stack, turning the stack (a_1, a_2, ..., a_n) into (a_0, a_1, a_2, ..., a_n).

A quadratic recurrence is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a second-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example, x_n=x_(n-1)x_(n-2) ...

A commutative unit ring having only finitely many maximal ideals.

A recurrence relation between the function Q arising in quota systems, Q(n,r)=Q(n-1,r-1)+Q(n-1,r).

When a measure lambda is absolutely continuous with respect to a positive measure mu, then it can be written as lambda(E)=int_Efdmu. By analogy with the first fundamental ...

int_0^inftycos(2zt)sech(pit)dt=1/2sechz for |I[z]|<pi/2. A related integral is int_0^inftycosh(2zt)sech(pit)dt=1/2secz for |R[z]|<pi/2.

A statistical distribution in which the variates occur with probabilities asymptotically matching their "true" underlying statistical distribution is said to be random.

A vector whose elements are real numbers.