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The differential equation obtained by applying the biharmonic operator and setting to zero: del ^4phi=0. (1) In Cartesian coordinates, the biharmonic equation is del ^4phi = ...

A group whose group operation is identified with multiplication. As with normal multiplication, the multiplication operation on group elements is either denoted by a raised ...

Number Theory

Gaussian primes are Gaussian integers z=a+bi satisfying one of the following properties. 1. If both a and b are nonzero then, a+bi is a Gaussian prime iff a^2+b^2 is an ...

Partial evaluation is a branch of computer science studying program transformation via specialization. Any function can be specialized by fixing one or more of its inputs to ...

A chordal graph is a simple graph in which every graph cycle of length four and greater has a cycle chord. In other words, a chordal graph is a graph possessing no chordless ...

The Laplacian for a scalar function phi is a scalar differential operator defined by (1) where the h_i are the scale factors of the coordinate system (Weinberg 1972, p. 109; ...

Any prime number other than 2 (which is the unique even prime). Humorously, 2 is therefore the "oddest" prime.

A superellipse is a curve with Cartesian equation |x/a|^r+|y/b|^r=1, (1) first discussed in 1818 by Lamé. A superellipse may be described parametrically by x = acos^(2/r)t ...

"The" butterfly graph is a name sometimes given to the 5-vertex graph illustrated above. This graph is also known as the "bowtie graph" (West 2000, p. 12) and is the ...