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A graph H is a minor of a graph G if a copy of H can be obtained from G via repeated edge deletion and/or edge contraction. The Kuratowski reduction theorem states that any ...

The Hilbert curve is a Lindenmayer system invented by Hilbert (1891) whose limit is a plane-filling function which fills a square. Traversing the polyhedron vertices of an ...

The house graph is a simple graph on 5 nodes and 6 edges, illustrated above in two embeddings, whose name derives from its resemblance to a schematic illustration of a house ...

There are two common definitions of the trapezium. The American definition is a quadrilateral with no parallel sides; the British definition is a quadrilateral with two sides ...

A unit circle is a circle of unit radius, i.e., of radius 1. The unit circle plays a significant role in a number of different areas of mathematics. For example, the ...

A divisor d of n for which GCD(d,n/d)=1, (1) where GCD(m,n) is the greatest common divisor. For example, the divisors of 12 are {1,2,3,4,6,12}, so the unitary divisors are ...

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) spectral radius rho_(ABC) of a graph is defined as the largest eigenvalue of its ABC matrix. Chen (2019) showed that for a tree on 3 or more ...

An inverse function of an Abelian integral. Abelian functions have two variables and four periods, and can be defined by Theta(v,tau;q^'; ...

A two-dimensional affine geometry constructed over a finite field. For a field F of size n, the affine plane consists of the set of points which are ordered pairs of elements ...

Let s(n)=sigma(n)-n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the restricted divisor function, and define the aliquot sequence of n by ...