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Euler's continued fraction is the name given by Borwein et al. (2004, p. 30) to Euler's formula for the inverse tangent, ...

The level set of a differentiable function f:R^n->R corresponding to a real value c is the set of points {(x_1,...,x_n) in R^n:f(x_1,...,x_n)=c}. For example, the level set ...

The Harary index of a graph G on n vertices was defined by Plavšić et al. (1993) as H(G)=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n(RD)_(ij), (1) where (RD)_(ij)={D_(ij)^(-1) if i!=j; 0 if ...

A function f mapping a set X->X/R (X modulo R), where R is an equivalence relation in X, is called a canonical map.

A node which is one graph edge further away from a given node in a rooted tree.

A number taken to the power 3 is said to be cubed, so x^3 is called "x cubed." This terminology derives from the fact that the volume of a cube of edge length x is given by ...

The curvature of a surface satisfies kappa=kappa_1cos^2theta+kappa_2sin^2theta, where kappa is the normal curvature in a direction making an angle theta with the first ...

A number with a continued fraction whose terms are the values of one or more polynomials evaluated on consecutive integers and then interleaved. This property is preserved by ...

The security of a cryptosystem must not depend on keeping the cryptographic algorithm secret.

The symbol × used to denote multiplication, i.e., a×b denotes a times b. The symbol × is also used to denote a group direct product, a Cartesian product, or a direct product ...