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The base-4 method of counting in which only the digits 0, 1, 2, and 3 are used. The illustration above shows the numbers 0 to 63 represented in quaternary, and the following ...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph is the numerically second smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. In other ...

A chamfered icosahedron, also called a tritruncated rhombic triacontahedron, is a polyhedron obtained by chamfering a regular icosahedron. The illustration above shows ...

A labeled binary tree containing the labels 1 to n with root 1, branches leading to nodes labeled 2 and 3, branches from these leading to 4, 5 and 6, 7, respectively, and so ...

A labeled ternary tree containing the labels 1 to n with root 1, branches leading to nodes labeled 2, 3, 4, branches from these leading to 5, 6, 7 and 8, 9, 10 respectively, ...

Given a field F and an extension field K superset= F, if alpha in K is an algebraic element over F, the minimal polynomial of alpha over F is the unique monic irreducible ...

The sum I over all internal (circular) nodes of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the internal path length is ...

The Laplacian spectral radius of a finite graph is defined as the largest value of its Laplacian spectrum, i.e., the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix (Lin et al. ...

Simplemindedly, a number theoretic transform is a generalization of a fast Fourier transform obtained by replacing e^(-2piik/N) with an nth primitive root of unity. This ...

A subfield which is strictly smaller than the field in which it is contained. The field of rationals Q is a proper subfield of the field of real numbers R which, in turn, is ...