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Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

A polygonal number of the form O_n=n(3n-2). The first few are 1, 8, 21, 40, 65, 96, 133, 176, ... (OEIS A000567). The generating function for the octagonal numbers is ...

The illusion illustrated above in which the bounding rectangle and inner square both appear distorted.

Given a regular pentagon of unit area, mean triangle area of a triangle picked at random inside it is given by the n=5 case of polygon triangle picking, A^_ = ...

The pentagonal cupola is Johnson solid J_5. Its faces consist of 5 equilateral triangles, 5 squares, 1 pentagon, and one decagon. The surface area and volume of the ...

A perfect cubic polynomial can be factored into a linear and a quadratic term, x^3+y^3 = (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2) (1) x^3-y^3 = (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2). (2)

A square matrix A such that the matrix power A^(k+1)=A for k a positive integer is called a periodic matrix. If k is the least such integer, then the matrix is said to have ...

Let {y^k} be a set of orthonormal vectors with k=1, 2, ..., K, such that the inner product (y^k,y^k)=1. Then set x=sum_(k=1)^Ku_ky^k (1) so that for any square matrix A for ...

To find the minimum distance between a point in the plane (x_0,y_0) and a quadratic plane curve y=a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2, (1) note that the square of the distance is r^2 = ...

Polynomial identities involving sums and differences of like powers include x^2-y^2 = (x-y)(x+y) (1) x^3-y^3 = (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2) (2) x^3+y^3 = (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2) (3) x^4-y^4 = ...