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A sparse matrix is a matrix that allows special techniques to take advantage of the large number of "background" (commonly zero) elements. The number of zeros a matrix needs ...

Consider a star graph S_(n+1) consisting of a central hub vertex and n spokes, but instead of placing a single point at the end of each spoke, place k points along it (in ...

The stacked book graph of order (m,n) is defined as the graph Cartesian product S_(m+1) square P_n, where S_m is a star graph and P_n is the path graph on n nodes. It is ...

A standard basis, also called a natural basis, is a special orthonormal vector basis in which each basis vector has a single nonzero entry with value 1. In n-dimensional ...

In general, an unresolved nth root, commonly involving a radical symbol RadicalBox[x, n], is known as a surd. However, the term surd or "surd expression" (e.g., Hardy 1967, ...

The tilde is the mark "~" placed on top of a symbol to indicate some special property. x^~ is voiced "x-tilde." The tilde symbol is commonly used to denote an operator. In ...

A four-vector a_mu is said to be timelike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu<0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...

A multivariate normal distribution in three variables. It has probability density function (1) where (2) The standardized trivariate normal distribution takes unit variances ...

The truncated square pyramid is a special case of a pyramidal frustum for a square pyramid. Let the base and top side lengths of the truncated pyramid be a and b, and let the ...

A transformation of a polynomial equation f(x)=0 which is of the form y=g(x)/h(x) where g and h are polynomials and h(x) does not vanish at a root of f(x)=0. The cubic ...