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Given a map f:S->T between sets S and T, the map g:T->S is called a left inverse to f provided that g degreesf=id_S, that is, composing f with g from the left gives the ...

The term "loop" has a number of meanings in mathematics. Most simply, a loop is a closed curve whose initial and final points coincide in a fixed point p known as the ...

Let A={a_1,a_2,...} be a free Abelian semigroup, where a_1 is the identity element, and let mu(n) be the Möbius function. Define mu(a_n) on the elements of the semigroup ...

An algebraic loop L is a Moufang loop if all triples of elements x, y, and z in L satisfy the Moufang identities, i.e., if 1. z(x(zy))=((zx)z)y, 2. x(z(yz))=((xz)y)z, 3. ...

An orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T:V->V which preserves a symmetric inner product. In particular, an orthogonal transformation (technically, an ...

Given any set B, the associated pair groupoid is the set B×B with the maps alpha(a,b)=a and beta(a,b)=b, and multiplication (a,b)·(b,c)=(a,c). The inverse is ...

A groupoid S such that for all a,b in S, there exist unique x,y in S such that ax = b (1) ya = b. (2) No other restrictions are applied; thus a quasigroup need not have an ...

Given a map f:S->T between sets S and T, the map g:T->S is called a right inverse to f provided that f degreesg=id_T, that is, composing f with g from the right gives the ...

Let E be a Euclidean space, (beta,alpha) be the dot product, and denote the reflection in the hyperplane P_alpha={beta in E|(beta,alpha)=0} by ...

A mathematical object defined for a set and a binary operator in which the multiplication operation is associative. No other restrictions are placed on a semigroup; thus a ...