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The constant pi, denoted pi, is a real number defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d=2r, pi = C/d (1) = C/(2r) (2) pi has decimal expansion ...

A positive number k such that a lamina or solid body with moment of inertia about an axis I and mass m is given by I=mk^2. Pickover (1995) defines a generalization of k as a ...

Mastermind is a simple two-player code-breaking board game invented in 1970 by Mordecai Meirowitz, an Israeli postmaster and telecommunications expert. It may have been ...

A graceful labeling (or graceful numbering) is a special graph labeling of a graph on m edges in which the nodes are labeled with a subset of distinct nonnegative integers ...

A Hamiltonian cycle, also called a Hamiltonian circuit, Hamilton cycle, or Hamilton circuit, is a graph cycle (i.e., closed loop) through a graph that visits each node ...

Consider a set of points X_i on an attractor, then the correlation integral is C(l)=lim_(N->infty)1/(N^2)f, where f is the number of pairs (i,j) whose distance |X_i-X_j|<l. ...

A manifold is a topological space that is locally Euclidean (i.e., around every point, there is a neighborhood that is topologically the same as the open unit ball in R^n). ...

The expected number of real zeros E_n of a random polynomial of degree n if the coefficients are independent and distributed normally is given by E_n = ...

The detour index omega(G) of a graph G is a graph invariant defined as half the sum of all off-diagonal matrix elements of the detour matrix of G. Unless otherwise stated, ...

The dodecadodecahedral graph is the skeleton of the dodecadodecahedron, great dodecahemicosahedron, and small dodecahemicosahedron. It is illustrated above in several ...