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Exponential growth is the increase in a quantity N according to the law N(t)=N_0e^(lambdat) (1) for a parameter t and constant lambda (the analog of the decay constant), ...

A field automorphism of a field F is a bijective map sigma:F->F that preserves all of F's algebraic properties, more precisely, it is an isomorphism. For example, complex ...

If g is a continuous function g(x) in [a,b] for all x in [a,b], then g has a fixed point in [a,b]. This can be proven by supposing that g(a)>=a g(b)<=b (1) g(a)-a>=0 ...

Given a decimal-valued floating-point operation in the IEEE 754-2008 standard, the preferred exponent is the value of the exponent q which preserves the quantum of the ...

The quantum of a finite floating-point representation is the value of a unit in the last position of its significand. In general, the quantum is equal to the radix raised to ...

A formal power series, sometimes simply called a "formal series" (Wilf 1994), of a field F is an infinite sequence {a_0,a_1,a_2,...} over F. Equivalently, it is a function ...

The forward difference is a finite difference defined by Deltaa_n=a_(n+1)-a_n. (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the forward difference ...

The Fourier transform of a Gaussian function f(x)=e^(-ax^2) is given by F_x[e^(-ax^2)](k) = int_(-infty)^inftye^(-ax^2)e^(-2piikx)dx (1) = ...

The Frobenius number is the largest value b for which the Frobenius equation a_1x_1+a_2x_2+...+a_nx_n=b, (1) has no solution, where the a_i are positive integers, b is an ...

Fubini's theorem, sometimes called Tonelli's theorem, establishes a connection between a multiple integral and a repeated one. If f(x,y) is continuous on the rectangular ...