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The area of a surface or lamina is the amount of material needed to "cover" it completely. The area of a surface or collection of surfaces bounding a solid is called, not ...

The arf invariant is a link invariant that always has the value 0 or 1. A knot has Arf invariant 0 if the knot is "pass equivalent" to the unknot and 1 if it is pass ...

The Balaban index J is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes, m edges, and c connected components by J=m/(gamma+1)sum_((i,j) in E(G))(D_iD_j)^(-1/2), where gamma=m-n+c ...

In functional analysis, the Banach-Alaoglu theorem (also sometimes called Alaoglu's theorem) is a result which states that the norm unit ball of the continuous dual X^* of a ...

The Bernoulli distribution is a discrete distribution having two possible outcomes labelled by n=0 and n=1 in which n=1 ("success") occurs with probability p and n=0 ...

Let F be the set of complex analytic functions f defined on an open region containing the set closure of the unit disk D={z:|z|<1} satisfying f(0)=0 and df/dz(0)=1. For each ...

A box-and-whisker plot (sometimes called simply a box plot) is a histogram-like method of displaying data, invented by J. Tukey. To create a box-and-whisker plot, draw a box ...

Let f:M|->N be a map between two compact, connected, oriented n-dimensional manifolds without boundary. Then f induces a homomorphism f_* from the homology groups H_n(M) to ...

Cards are a set of n rectangular pieces of cardboard with markings on one side and a uniform pattern on the other. The collection of all cards is called a "deck," and a ...

There are two definitions of the Carmichael function. One is the reduced totient function (also called the least universal exponent function), defined as the smallest integer ...