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Pre-Calculus

A p-adic number is an extension of the field of rationals such that congruences modulo powers of a fixed prime p are related to proximity in the so called "p-adic metric." ...

As a consequence of Matiyasevich's refutation of Hilbert's 10th problem, it can be proved that there does not exist a general algorithm for solving a general quartic ...

A differential evolution method used to minimize functions of real variables. Evolution strategies are significantly faster at numerical optimization than traditional genetic ...

A geodesic is a locally length-minimizing curve. Equivalently, it is a path that a particle which is not accelerating would follow. In the plane, the geodesics are straight ...

A great circle is a section of a sphere that contains a diameter of the sphere (Kern and Bland 1948, p. 87). Sections of the sphere that do not contain a diameter are called ...

Let lim stand for the limit lim_(x->c), lim_(x->c^-), lim_(x->c^+), lim_(x->infty), or lim_(x->-infty), and suppose that lim f(x) and lim g(x) are both zero or are both ...

As a part of the study of Waring's problem, it is known that every positive integer is a sum of no more than 9 positive cubes (g(3)=9), that every "sufficiently large" ...

A quadratic equation is a second-order polynomial equation in a single variable x ax^2+bx+c=0, (1) with a!=0. Because it is a second-order polynomial equation, the ...

A group or other algebraic object is said to be Abelian (sometimes written in lower case, i.e., "abelian") if the law of commutativity always holds. The term is named after ...