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The symbol % used to indicate percent.

A curve consisting of two mirror-reversed intersecting crescents (lunes). This curve can be traced unicursally. The region common to both crescents is a lens.

The symbol × used to denote multiplication, i.e., a×b denotes a times b. The symbol × is also used to denote a group direct product, a Cartesian product, or a direct product ...

A robust nonparametric test which is an alternative to the paired t-test. This test makes the basic assumption that there is information only in the signs of the differences ...

The quantity under a radical sign.

A quantity x>0, which may be written with an explicit plus sign for emphasis, +x.

A quantity which changes sign when indices are reversed. For example, A_(ij)=a_i-a_j is antisymmetric since A_(ij)=-A_(ji).

The difference of two numbers n_1 and n_2 is n_1-n_2, where the minus sign denotes subtraction.

The operation of subtraction, i.e., a minus b. The operation is denoted a-b. The minus sign "-" is also used to denote a negative number, i.e., -x.

The absolute difference of two numbers n_1 and n_2 is |n_1-n_2|, where the minus sign denotes subtraction and |x| denotes the absolute value.