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Baxter's four-coloring constant for a triangular lattice is given by C^2 = product_(j=1)^(infty)((3j-1)^2)/((3j-2)(3j)) (1) = 3/(4pi^2)Gamma^3(1/3) (2) = 1.46099848... (3) ...

Given a set of objects S, a binary relation is a subset of the Cartesian product S tensor S.

For a curve with first fundamental form ds^2=Edu^2+2Fdudv+Gdv^2, (1) the Gaussian curvature is K=(M_1-M_2)/((EG-F^2)^2), (2) where M_1 = |-1/2E_(vv)+F_(uv)-1/2G_(uu) 1/2E_u ...

A section of a fiber bundle gives an element of the fiber over every point in B. Usually it is described as a map s:B->E such that pi degreess is the identity on B. A ...

The 6-polyiamond illustrated above.

A figurate number in which layers of polygons are drawn centered about a point instead of with the point at a polygon vertex.

An arrangement of overlapping circles which cover the entire plane. A lower bound for a covering using equivalent circles is 2pi/sqrt(27) (Williams 1979, p. 51).

While some authors define "circumference" as distance around an arbitrary closed object (sometimes restricted to a closed curved object), in the work, the term "perimeter" is ...

A set of class representatives is a subset of X which contains exactly one element from each equivalence class.

A linear operator A:D(A)->H from its domain D(A) into a Hilbert space H is closed if for any sequence of vectors v_n in D(A) such that v_n->v and Av_n->x as n->infty, it ...