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The simplest class of one-dimensional cellular automata. Elementary cellular automata have two possible values for each cell (0 or 1), and rules that depend only on nearest ...

When the elliptic modulus k has a singular value, the complete elliptic integrals may be computed in analytic form in terms of gamma functions. Abel (quoted in Whittaker and ...

Game theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis of games (i.e., situations involving parties with conflicting interests). In addition to the mathematical ...

A Gray code is an encoding of numbers so that adjacent numbers have a single digit differing by 1. The term Gray code is often used to refer to a "reflected" code, or more ...

There are at least three definitions of "groupoid" currently in use. The first type of groupoid is an algebraic structure on a set with a binary operator. The only ...

The Harries-Wong graph is one of the three (3,10)-cage graphs, the other two being the (10,3)-cage known as the Balaban 10-cage and the Harries graph. The Harries-Wong graph ...

Let S(x) denote the number of positive integers not exceeding x which can be expressed as a sum of two squares (i.e., those n<=x such that the sum of squares function ...

The least common multiple of two numbers a and b, variously denoted LCM(a,b) (this work; Zwillinger 1996, p. 91; Råde and Westergren 2004, p. 54), lcm(a,b) (Gellert et al. ...

Given the Mertens function defined by M(n)=sum_(k=1)^nmu(k), (1) where mu(n) is the Möbius function, Stieltjes claimed in an 1885 letter to Hermite that M(x)x^(-1/2) stays ...

An analog of the polyominoes and polyiamonds in which collections of regular hexagons are arranged with adjacent sides. They are also called hexes, hexas, or polyfrobs ...