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Turing machines are defined by sets of rules that operate on four parameters: (state, tape cell color, operation, state). Let the states and tape cell colors be numbered and ...

Ruffini's rule a shortcut method for dividing a polynomial by a linear factor of the form x-a which can be used in place of the standard long division algorithm. This method ...

The (complete) gamma function Gamma(n) is defined to be an extension of the factorial to complex and real number arguments. It is related to the factorial by Gamma(n)=(n-1)!, ...

It is possible to perform multiplication of large numbers in (many) fewer operations than the usual brute-force technique of "long multiplication." As discovered by Karatsuba ...

A letter of the alphabet drawn with doubled vertical strokes is called doublestruck, or sometimes blackboard bold (because doublestruck characters provide a means of ...

A characteristic factor is a factor in a particular factorization of the totient function phi(n) such that the product of characteristic factors gives the representation of a ...

Ueberhuber (1997, p. 71) and Krommer and Ueberhuber (1998, pp. 49 and 155-165) use the word "quadrature" to mean numerical computation of a univariate integral, and ...

Differential algebra is a field of mathematics that attempts to use methods from abstract algebra to study solutions of systems of polynomial nonlinear ordinary and partial ...

Direct search factorization is the simplest (and most simple-minded) prime factorization algorithm. It consists of searching for factors of a number by systematically ...

A two-dimensional generalization of the Haar transform which is used for the compression of astronomical images. The algorithm consists of dividing the 2^N×2^N image into ...