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A matrix with 0 determinant whose determinant becomes nonzero when any element on or below the diagonal is changed from 0 to 1. An example is M=[1 -1 0 0; 0 0 -1 0; 1 1 1 -1; ...

Let A be a set. An operation on A is a function from a power of A into A. More precisely, given an ordinal number alpha, a function from A^alpha into A is an alpha-ary ...

An orthogonal basis of vectors is a set of vectors {x_j} that satisfy x_jx_k=C_(jk)delta_(jk) and x^mux_nu=C_nu^mudelta_nu^mu, where C_(jk), C_nu^mu are constants (not ...

Let A be a C^*-algebra, then an element u in A is called a partial isometry if uu^*u=u.

The class m, curve order n, number of ordinary double points delta, number of cusps kappa, number of inflection points (inflection points) iota, number of bitangents tau, and ...

The first and second Pöschl-Teller differential equations are given by y^('')-{a^2[(kappa(kappa-1))/(sin^2(ax))+(lambda(lambda-1))/(cos^2(ax))]-b^2}y=0 and ...

If del xF=0 (i.e., F(x) is an irrotational field) in a simply connected neighborhood U(x) of a point x, then in this neighborhood, F is the gradient of a scalar field phi(x), ...

Let A be a C^*-algebra, then a linear functional f on A is said to be positive if it is a positive map, that is f(a)>=0 for all a in A_+. Every positive linear functional is ...

Let A and B be C^*-algebras, then a linear map phi:A->B is said to be positive if phi(A_+) subset= B_+. Here, A_+ is denoted the positive part of A. For example, every ...

The algebra A is called a pre-C^*-algebra if it satisfies all conditions to be a C^*-algebra except that its norm need not be complete.