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In common usage, an ordinal number is an adjective which describes the numerical position of an object, e.g., first, second, third, etc. In formal set theory, an ordinal ...

A matching, also called an independent edge set, on a graph G is a set of edges of G such that no two sets share a vertex in common. It is not possible for a matching on a ...

If sets E and F are independent, then so are E and F^', where F^' is the complement of F (i.e., the set of all possible outcomes not contained in F). Let union denote "or" ...

Isomorphism is a very general concept that appears in several areas of mathematics. The word derives from the Greek iso, meaning "equal," and morphosis, meaning "to form" or ...

For any function f:A->B (where A and B are any sets), the kernel (also called the null space) is defined by Ker(f)={x:x in Asuch thatf(x)=0}, so the kernel gives the elements ...

The set of all points x that can be put into one-to-one correspondence with sets of essentially distinct values of five homogeneous coordinates x_0:x_1:x_2:x_3:x_4, not all ...

The set of all points x that can be put into one-to-one correspondence with sets of essentially distinct values of four homogeneous coordinates x_0:x_1:x_2:x_3, not all ...

Given a subset A of a larger set, the characteristic function chi_A, sometimes also called the indicator function, is the function defined to be identically one on A, and is ...

Let I(G) denote the set of all independent sets of vertices of a graph G, and let I(G,u) denote the independent sets of G that contain the vertex u. A fractional coloring of ...

A Boolean algebra is a mathematical structure that is similar to a Boolean ring, but that is defined using the meet and join operators instead of the usual addition and ...