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The graph neighborhood of a vertex v in a graph is the set of all the vertices adjacent to v including v itself. More generally, the ith neighborhood of v is the set of all ...

Let f be a function defined on a set A and taking values in a set B. Then f is said to be an injection (or injective map, or embedding) if, whenever f(x)=f(y), it must be the ...

A map defined by one or more polynomials. Given a field K, a polynomial map is a map f:K^n->K^m such that for all points (x_1,...,x_n) in K^n, ...

A sentence is a logic formula in which every variable is quantified. The concept of a sentence is important because formulas with variables that are not quantified are ...

A topological space, also called an abstract topological space, is a set X together with a collection of open subsets T that satisfies the four conditions: 1. The empty set ...

Proper covers are defined as covers of a set X which do not contain the entire set X itself as a subset (Macula 1994). Of the five covers of {1,2}, namely {{1},{2}}, {{1,2}}, ...

1. A fixed polyomino. 2. The set of points obtained by taking the centers of a fixed polyomino.

The number of "prime" boxes is always finite, where a set of boxes is prime if it cannot be built up from one or more given configurations of boxes.

A point v is a central point of a graph if the eccentricity of the point equals the graph radius. The set of all central points is called the graph center.

Let V be a vector space over a field K, and let A be a nonempty set. For an appropriately defined affine space A, K is called the coefficient field.