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A block is a maximal connected subgraph of a given graph G that has no articulation vertex (West 2000, p. 155). If a block has more than two vertices, then it is biconnected. ...

A board is a subset of the polygons determined by a number of (usually regularly spaced and oriented) lines. These polygons form the spaces on which "pieces" can be placed ...

Let f:M|->N be a map between two compact, connected, oriented n-dimensional manifolds without boundary. Then f induces a homomorphism f_* from the homology groups H_n(M) to ...

A binary unit of information equal to 8 bits. Unfortunately, the storage of binary numbers in computers is not entirely standardized. Because computers store information in ...

The Cantor function F(x) is the continuous but not absolutely continuous function on [0,1] which may be defined as follows. First, express x in ternary. If the resulting ...

An algebraic surface with affine equation P_d(x_1,x_2)+T_d(x_3)=0, (1) where T_d(x) is a Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind and P_d(x_1,x_2) is a polynomial defined by ...

A discrete function A(n,k) is called closed form (or sometimes "hypergeometric") in two variables if the ratios A(n+1,k)/A(n,k) and A(n,k+1)/A(n,k) are both rational ...

Combinatorial geometry is a blending of principles from the areas of combinatorics and geometry. It deals with combinations and arrangements of geometric objects and with ...

A completely positive matrix is a real n×n square matrix A=(a_(ij)) that can be factorized as A=BB^(T), where B^(T) stands for the transpose of B and B is any (not ...

A composite number n is a positive integer n>1 which is not prime (i.e., which has factors other than 1 and itself). The first few composite numbers (sometimes called ...