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The ratio of the independence number of a graph G to its vertex count is known as the independence ratio of G (Bollobás 1981). The product of the chromatic number and ...

In a category C, an initial object is an object I in Ob(C) such that for any other object X in Ob(C), there is one and only one morphism from I to X.

An involutive algebra is an algebra A together with a map a|->a^* of A into A (a so-called involution), satisfying the following properties: 1. (a^*)^*=a. 2. (ab)^*=b^*a^*. ...

A linear transformation of period two. Since a linear transformation has the form, lambda^'=(alphalambda+beta)/(gammalambda+delta), (1) applying the transformation a second ...

A rational homomorphism phi:G->G^' defined over a field is called an isogeny when dimG=dimG^'. Two groups G and G^' are then called isogenous if there exists a third group ...

The knot curve is a quartic curve with implicit Cartesian equation (x^2-1)^2=y^2(3+2y). (1) The x- and y-intercepts are (0,-1), (0,1/2), and (+/-1,0). It has horizontal ...

The space called L^infty (ell-infinity) generalizes the L-p-spaces to p=infty. No integration is used to define them, and instead, the norm on L^infty is given by the ...

A linear functional on a real vector space V is a function T:V->R, which satisfies the following properties. 1. T(v+w)=T(v)+T(w), and 2. T(alphav)=alphaT(v). When V is a ...

Any linear system of point-groups on a curve with only ordinary singularities may be cut by adjoint curves.

An elliptic function with no poles in a fundamental cell is a constant.