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An interspersion array given by 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 ...; 4 6 10 16 26 42 68 110 178 ...; 7 11 18 29 47 76 123 199 322 ...; 9 15 24 39 63 102 165 267 432 ...; 12 19 31 50 81 ...

A lower triangular matrix having 0s along the diagonal as well as the upper portion, i.e., a matrix A=[a_(ij)] such that a_(ij)=0 for i<=j. Written explicitly, L=[0 0 ... 0; ...

A strictly upper triangular matrix is an upper triangular matrix having 0s along the diagonal as well as the lower portion, i.e., a matrix A=[a_(ij)] such that a_(ij)=0 for ...

Let A_r=a_(ij) be a sequence of N symmetric matrices of increasing order with i,j=1, 2, ..., r and r=1, 2, ..., N. Let lambda_k(A_r) be the kth eigenvalue of A_r for k=1, 2, ...

The superdiagonal of a square matrix is the set of elements directly above the elements comprising the diagonal. For example, in the following matrix, the diagonal elements ...

Sylvester's criterion states that a matrix M is positive definite iff the determinants associated with all upper-left submatrices of M are positive.

Given a matrix A, let |A| denote its determinant. Then |A||A_(rs,pq)|=|A_(r,p)||A_(s,q)|-|A_(r,q)||A_(s,p)|, (1) where A_(u,w) is the submatrix of A formed by the ...

For every module M over a unit ring R, the tensor product functor - tensor _RM is a covariant functor from the category of R-modules to itself. It maps every R-module N to N ...

Let (K,|·|) be a valuated field. The valuation group G is defined to be the set G={|x|:x in K,x!=0}, with the group operation being multiplication. It is a subgroup of the ...

Let (K,|·|) be a non-Archimedean field. Its valuation ring R is defined to be R={x in K:|x|<=1}. The valuation ring has maximal ideal M={x in K:|x|<1}, and the field R/M is ...