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Let K be a field, and A a K-algebra. Elements y_1, ..., y_n are algebraically independent over K if the natural surjection K[Y_1,...,Y_n]->K[y_1,...,y_n] is an isomorphism. ...

The generalized Gell-Mann matrices are the n^2-1 matrices generating the Lie algebra associated to the special unitary group SU(n), n>=2. As their name suggests, these ...

The use of techniques from algebra, topology, and geometry in the solution of combinatorial problems, or the use of combinatorial methods to attack problems in these areas ...

If F is the Borel sigma-algebra on some topological space, then a measure m:F->R is said to be a Borel measure (or Borel probability measure). For a Borel measure, all ...

Let A be a unital Banach algebra. If a in A and ||1-a||<1, then a^(-1) can be represented by the series sum_(n=0)^(infty)(1-a)^n. This criterion for checking invertibility of ...

Elementary methods consist of arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra. These are the only tools that may be used in the branch of number theory known as elementary ...

A closed ideal I in a C^*-algebra A is called essential if I has nonzero intersection with every other nonzero closed ideal A or, equivalently, if aI={0} implies a=0 for all ...

Given a subalgebra A of the algebra B(H) of bounded linear transformations from a Hilbert space H onto itself, the vector v in H is a separating vector for A if the only ...

A function which is not an algebraic function. In other words, a function which "transcends," i.e., cannot be expressed in terms of, algebra. Examples of transcendental ...

A derivation is a sequence of steps, logical or computational, from one result to another. The word derivation comes from the word "derive." "Derivation" can also refer to a ...