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A point traced out twice as a closed curve is traversed. The maximum number of double points for a nondegenerate quartic curve is three. An ordinary double point is also ...

Let C be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over F_q with q=p^s a prime power. Let infty be a fixed closed point of X but not necessarily F_q-rational. A ...

A group action G×X->X is effective if there are no trivial actions. In particular, this means that there is no element of the group (besides the identity element) which does ...

For any Abelian group G and any natural number n, there is a unique space (up to homotopy type) such that all homotopy groups except for the nth are trivial (including the ...

Let omega be the cube root of unity (-1+isqrt(3))/2. Then the Eisenstein primes are Eisenstein integers, i.e., numbers of the form a+bomega for a and b integers, such that ...

The amazing polynomial identity communicated by Euler in a letter to Goldbach on April 12, 1749 (incorrectly given as April 15, 1705--before Euler was born--in Conway and Guy ...

Given a field F and an extension field K superset= F, if alpha in K is an algebraic element over F, the minimal polynomial of alpha over F is the unique monic irreducible ...

A extension ring (or ring extension) of a ring R is any ring S of which R is a subring. For example, the field of rational numbers Q and the ring of Gaussian integers Z[i] ...

The determination of a set of factors (divisors) of a given integer ("prime factorization"), polynomial ("polynomial factorization"), etc., which, when multiplied together, ...

A field automorphism of a field F is a bijective map sigma:F->F that preserves all of F's algebraic properties, more precisely, it is an isomorphism. For example, complex ...