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A matrix whose entries are all integers. Special cases which arise frequently are those having only (-1,1) as entries (e.g., Hadamard matrix), (0,1)-matrices having only ...

An array A=a_(ij), i,j>=1 of positive integers is called an interspersion if 1. The rows of A comprise a partition of the positive integers, 2. Every row of A is an ...

In determinant expansion by minors, the minimal number of transpositions of adjacent columns in a square matrix needed to turn the matrix representing a permutation of ...

A nonzero module M over a ring R whose only submodules are the module itself and the zero module. It is also called a simple module, and in fact this is the name more ...

A finitely generated discontinuous group of linear fractional transformations z->(az+b)/(cz+d) acting on a domain in the complex plane. The Apollonian gasket corresponds to a ...

Given an m×n matrix A and a p×q matrix B, their Kronecker product C=A tensor B, also called their matrix direct product, is an (mp)×(nq) matrix with elements defined by ...

A procedure for decomposing an N×N matrix A into a product of a lower triangular matrix L and an upper triangular matrix U, LU=A. (1) LU decomposition is implemented in the ...

Each double point assigned to an irreducible algebraic curve whose curve genus is nonnegative imposes exactly one condition.

A linear system of equations is a set of n linear equations in k variables (sometimes called "unknowns"). Linear systems can be represented in matrix form as the matrix ...

The n functions f_1(x), f_2(x), ..., f_n(x) are linearly dependent if, for some c_1, c_2, ..., c_n in R not all zero, sum_(i=1)^nc_if_i(x)=0 (1) for all x in some interval I. ...