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A polar representation of a complex measure mu is analogous to the polar representation of a complex number as z=re^(itheta), where r=|z|, dmu=e^(itheta)d|mu|. (1) The analog ...

The radian is a unit of angular measure defined such that an angle of one radian subtended from the center of a unit circle produces an arc with arc length 1. A full angle is ...

Given a complex Hilbert space H with associated space L(H) of continuous linear operators from H to itself, the bicommutant M^('') of an arbitrary subset M subset= L(H) is ...

Given a complex Hilbert space H with associated space L(H) of continuous linear operators from H to itself, the commutant M^' of an arbitrary subset M subset= L(H) is the ...

Also known as the Serret-Frenet formulas, these vector differential equations relate inherent properties of a parametrized curve. In matrix form, they can be written [T^.; ...

At rational arguments p/q, the digamma function psi_0(p/q) is given by psi_0(p/q)=-gamma-ln(2q)-1/2picot(p/qpi) +2sum_(k=1)^([q/2]-1)cos((2pipk)/q)ln[sin((pik)/q)] (1) for ...

The technique of extracting the content from geometric (tensor) equations by working in component notation and rearranging indices as required. Index gymnastics is a ...

There are at least two distinct notions of linear space throughout mathematics. The term linear space is most commonly used within functional analysis as a synonym of the ...

A nonnegative function g(x,y) describing the "distance" between neighboring points for a given set. A metric satisfies the triangle inequality g(x,y)+g(y,z)>=g(x,z) (1) and ...

The Minkowski metric, also called the Minkowski tensor or pseudo-Riemannian metric, is a tensor eta_(alphabeta) whose elements are defined by the matrix (eta)_(alphabeta)=[-1 ...