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The common logarithm is the logarithm to base 10. The notation logx is used by physicists, engineers, and calculator keypads to denote the common logarithm. However, ...

An interpretation of first-order logic consists of a non-empty domain D and mappings for function and predicate symbols. Every n-place function symbol is mapped to a function ...

One or both of the square bracket symbols [ and ] are used in many different contexts in mathematics. 1. Square brackets are occasionally used in especially complex ...

If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

The second theorem of Mertens states that the asymptotic form of the harmonic series for the sum of reciprocal primes is given by sum_(p<=x)1/p=lnlnx+B_1+o(1), where p is a ...

A test for the primality of Fermat numbers F_n=2^(2^n)+1, with n>=2 and k>=2. Then the two following conditions are equivalent: 1. F_n is prime and (k/F_n)=-1, where (n/k) is ...

A sequence is an ordered set of mathematical objects. Sequences of object are most commonly denoted using braces. For example, the symbol {2n}_(n=1)^infty denotes the ...

A figure formed by taking a series of steps of length 1, 2, ..., n, with an angle theta turn after each step. The symbol for a spirolateral is ^(a_1,...,a_k)n_theta, where ...

The symbol tau (the lower case Greek letter tau) has many common uses in mathematics, as summarized in the following table. 1. tau(n) is an alternate notation for the divisor ...

The pseudosquare L_p modulo the odd prime p is the least nonsquare positive integer that is congruent to 1 (mod 8) and for which the Legendre symbol (L_p/q)=1 for all odd ...