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Given a formula y=f(x) with an absolute error in x of dx, the absolute error is dy. The relative error is dy/y. If x=f(u,v,...), then ...

A shuffle of a deck of cards obtained by successively exchanging the cards in position 1, 2, ..., n with cards in randomly chosen positions. For 4<=n<=17, the most frequent ...

The expectation value of a function f(x) in a variable x is denoted <f(x)> or E{f(x)}. For a single discrete variable, it is defined by <f(x)>=sum_(x)f(x)P(x), (1) where P(x) ...

An exponential moving average, also known as an exponentially weighted moving average and abbreviated EMA or EWMA, is a moving filter that applied weights to older values in ...

Given a sequence of independent random variates X_1, X_2, ..., if sigma_k^2=var(X_k) and rho_n^2=max_(k<=n)((sigma_k^2)/(s_n^2)), then lim_(n->infty)rho_n^2=0. This means ...

Gibrat's distribution is a continuous distribution in which the logarithm of a variable x has a normal distribution, P(x)=1/(xsqrt(2pi))e^(-(lnx)^2/2), (1) defined over the ...

The half-normal distribution is a normal distribution with mean 0 and parameter theta limited to the domain x in [0,infty). It has probability and distribution functions ...

The two-dimensional Hammersley point set of order m is defined by taking all numbers in the range from 0 to 2^m-1 and interpreting them as binary fractions. Calling these ...

A fair coin is tossed an even 2n number of times. Let D=|H-T| be the absolute difference in the number of heads and tails obtained. Then the probability distribution is given ...

The inverse Gaussian distribution, also known as the Wald distribution, is the distribution over [0,infty) with probability density function and distribution function given ...