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The winding number W(theta) of a map f(theta) with initial value theta is defined by W(theta)=lim_(n->infty)(f^n(theta)-theta)/n, which represents the average increase in the ...

Let Y^X be the set of continuous mappings f:X->Y. Then the topological space for Y^X supplied with a compact-open topology is called a mapping space.

A compact manifold admits a Lorentzian structure iff its Euler characteristic vanishes. Therefore, every noncompact manifold admits a Lorentzian structure.

Let R(x) be the revenue for a production x, C(x) the cost, and P(x) the profit. Then P(x)=R(x)-C(x), and the marginal profit for the x_0th unit is defined by ...

The Diophantine equation x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz. The Markov numbers m are the union of the solutions (x,y,z) to this equation and are related to Lagrange numbers.

A type I move (conjugation) takes AB->BA for A, B in B_n where B_n is a braid group. A type II move (stabilization) takes A->Ab_n or A->Ab_n^(-1) for A in B_n, and b_n, Ab_n, ...

A spectrum containing the real numbers larger than Freiman's constant.

If a matrix group is reducible, then it is completely reducible, i.e., if the matrix group is equivalent to the matrix group in which every matrix has the reduced form ...

Every point which can be constructed with a straightedge and compass, and no other points, can be constructed using identical matchsticks (i.e., identical movable line ...

The term "math" is the usual term for "mathematics" used in the United States. In contrast, the term "maths" is used in the United Kingdom.