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Consider a probability space specified by the triple (S,S,P), where (S,S) is a measurable space, with S the domain and S is its measurable subsets, and P is a measure on S ...

A triple (S,S,P) on the domain S, where (S,S) is a measurable space, S are the measurable subsets of S, and P is a measure on S with P(S)=1.

If proofreader A finds a mistakes and proofreader B finds b mistakes, c of which were also found by A, how many mistakes were missed by both A and B? Assume there are a total ...

A slightly archaic term for a computer-generated random number. The prefix pseudo- is used to distinguish this type of number from a "truly" random number generated by a ...

Quasirandom numbers are numbers selected from a quasirandom sequence. Such numbers are useful in computational problems such as quasi-Monte Carlo integration.

A robust estimation based on a rank test.

Given two distributions Y and X with joint probability density function f(x,y), let U=Y/X be the ratio distribution. Then the distribution function of u is D(u) = P(U<=u) (1) ...

Let u^_ denote the mean of a set of quantities u_i, then the relative deviation is defined by (Deltau_i)/(u^_)=(|u_i-u^_|)/(u^_).

Let the true value of a quantity be x and the measured or inferred value x_0. Then the relative error is defined by deltax=(Deltax)/x=(x_0-x)/x=(x_0)/x-1, where Deltax is the ...

A plot of y_i versus the estimator e_i=y^^_i-y_i. Random scatter indicates the model is probably good. A pattern indicates a problem with the model. If the spread in e_i ...