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The bull graph is a simple graph on 5 nodes and 5 edges whose name derives from its resemblance to a schematic illustration of a bull or ram (whose face is the triangle and ...

The Burnside problem originated with Burnside (1902), who wrote, "A still undecided point in the theory of discontinuous groups is whether the group order of a group may be ...

A busy beaver is an n-state, 2-color Turing machine which writes a maximum number Sigma(n) of 1s before halting (Rado 1962; Lin and Rado 1965; Shallit 1998). Alternatively, ...

In common usage, a cardinal number is a number used in counting (a counting number), such as 1, 2, 3, .... In formal set theory, a cardinal number (also called "the ...

A Carmichael number is an odd composite number n which satisfies Fermat's little theorem a^(n-1)-1=0 (mod n) (1) for every choice of a satisfying (a,n)=1 (i.e., a and n are ...

The conjecture made by Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 that 8 and 9 (2^3 and 3^2) are the only consecutive powers (excluding 0 and 1). In other words, ...

The curve a hanging flexible wire or chain assumes when supported at its ends and acted upon by a uniform gravitational force. The word catenary is derived from the Latin ...

The Cauchy principal value of a finite integral of a function f about a point c with a<=c<=b is given by ...

The n-centipede graph, n-centipede tree, n-comb graph (Seoud and Youssef 2017), or simply "n-centipede," is the tree on 2n nodes obtained by joining the bottoms of n copies ...

A triangle line lalpha+mbeta+ngamma=0 defined relative to a reference triangle is called a central line iff l:m:n is a triangle center (Kimberling 1998, p. 127). If l:m:n is ...