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Two vectors u and v whose dot product is u·v=0 (i.e., the vectors are perpendicular) are said to be orthogonal. In three-space, three vectors can be mutually perpendicular.

A linear transformation x_1^' = a_(11)x_1+a_(12)x_2+a_(13)x_3 (1) x_2^' = a_(21)x_1+a_(22)x_2+a_(23)x_3 (2) x_3^' = a_(31)x_1+a_(32)x_2+a_(33)x_3, (3) is said to be an ...

Given a pair of orthologic triangles, the point where the perpendiculars from the vertices of the first to the sides of the second concur and the point where the ...

Let G be a group and theta n permutation of G. Then theta is an orthomorphism of G if the self-mapping nu of G defined by nu(x)=x^(-1)theta(x) is also an permutation of G.

A pair of functions phi_i(x) and phi_j(x) are orthonormal if they are orthogonal and each normalized so that int_a^b[phi_i(x)]^2w(x)dx = 1 (1) int_a^b[phi_j(x)]^2w(x)dx = 1. ...

The orthoptic circle of the Steiner inellipse is the circle with center at alpha_2=1/a, (1) corresponding to the triangle centroid G and radius ...

A parallelotope whose edges are all mutually perpendicular. The orthotope is a generalization of the rectangle and cuboid.

Consider a reference triangle DeltaABC and any given point P. The perpendiculars to AP, BP and CP respectively meet BC, AC and AB in three collinear points defining line l. ...

The variation of a function which exhibits slope changes, also called the saltus of a function. A series may also oscillate, causing it not to converge.

A curve y(x) is osculating to f(x) at x_0 if it is tangent at x_0 and has the same curvature there. Osculating curves therefore satisfy y^((k))(x_0)=f^((k))(x_0) for k=0, 1, ...