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The incidence matrix of a graph gives the (0,1)-matrix which has a row for each vertex and column for each edge, and (v,e)=1 iff vertex v is incident upon edge e (Skiena ...

Let |A| denote the cardinal number of set A, then it follows immediately that |A union B|=|A|+|B|-|A intersection B|, (1) where union denotes union, and intersection denotes ...

p^x is an infinitary divisor of p^y (with y>0) if p^x|_(y-1)p^y, where d|_kn denotes a k-ary Divisor (Guy 1994, p. 54). Infinitary divisors therefore generalize the concept ...

Infinity, most often denoted as infty, is an unbounded quantity that is greater than every real number. The symbol infty had been used as an alternative to M (1000) in Roman ...

An injective module is the dual notion to the projective module. A module M over a unit ring R is called injective iff whenever M is contained as a submodule in a module N, ...

The radius of a polygon's incircle or of a polyhedron's insphere, denoted r or sometimes rho (Johnson 1929). A polygon possessing an incircle is same to be inscriptable or ...

Interval arithmetic is the arithmetic of quantities that lie within specified ranges (i.e., intervals) instead of having definite known values. Interval arithmetic can be ...

The proof theories of propositional calculus and first-order logic are often referred to as classical logic. Intuitionistic propositional logic can be described as classical ...

An irreducible representation of a group is a group representation that has no nontrivial invariant subspaces. For example, the orthogonal group O(n) has an irreducible ...

An isosceles tetrahedron is a nonregular tetrahedron in which each pair of opposite polyhedron edges are equal, i.e., a^'=a, b^'=b, and c^'=c, so that all triangular faces ...