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Differential evolution is a stochastic parallel direct search evolution strategy optimization method that is fairly fast and reasonably robust. Differential evolution is ...

The term Euclidean refers to everything that can historically or logically be referred to Euclid's monumental treatise The Thirteen Books of the Elements, written around the ...

The Hartley Transform is an integral transform which shares some features with the Fourier transform, but which, in the most common convention, multiplies the integral kernel ...

A heart-shaped surface given by the sextic equation (x^2+9/4y^2+z^2-1)^3-x^2z^3-9/(80)y^2z^3=0 (Taubin 1993, 1994). The figures above show a ray-traced rendering (left) and ...

A McNugget number is a positive integer that can be obtained by adding together orders of McDonald's® Chicken McNuggetsTM (prior to consuming any), which originally came in ...

The sequence defined by e_0=2 and the quadratic recurrence equation e_n=1+product_(i=0)^(n-1)e_i=e_(n-1)^2-e_(n-1)+1. (1) This sequence arises in Euclid's proof that there ...

Two fractions are said to be adjacent if their difference has a unit numerator. For example, 1/3 and 1/4 are adjacent since 1/3-1/4=1/12, but 1/2 and 1/5 are not since ...

Given a circle, the apothem is the perpendicular distance r from the midpoint of a chord to the circle's center. It is also equal to the radius R minus the sagitta h, r=R-h. ...

A function f mapping a set X->X/R (X modulo R), where R is an equivalence relation in X, is called a canonical map.

A node which is one graph edge further away from a given node in a rooted tree.