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Let D be a planar Abelian difference set and t be any divisor of n. Then t is a numerical multiplier of D, where a multiplier is defined as an automorphism alpha of a group G ...

For any real alpha and beta such that beta>alpha, let p(alpha)!=0 and p(beta)!=0 be real polynomials of degree n, and v(x) denote the number of sign changes in the sequence ...

Schroeder (1991) calls the ceiling function symbols [ and ] the "gallows" because of their similarity in appearance to the structure used for hangings.

The point that inversion of a curve is performed with respect to.

The circle with respect to which an inverse curve is computed or relative to which inverse points are computed. In three dimensions, inverse points can be computed relative ...

The radius used in performing an inversion with respect to an inversion circle.

The repeated application of a transformation.

Given a function of the form y=a+blnx, (1) the coefficients can be found from least squares fitting as b = ...

Let K be a field of field characteristic 0 (e.g., the rationals Q) and let {u_n} be a sequence of elements of K which satisfies a difference equation of the form ...

A polynomial with matrix coefficients. An nth order matrix polynomial in a variable t is given by P(t)=A_0+A_1t+A_2t^2+...+A_nt^n, where A_k are p×p square matrices.