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A quantity is said to be exact if it has a precise and well-defined value. J. W. Tukey remarked in 1962, "Far better an approximate answer to the right question, which is ...

A formula for the number of Young tableaux associated with a given Ferrers diagram. In each box, write the sum of one plus the number of boxes horizontally to the right and ...

Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

For some range of r, the Mandelbrot set lemniscate L_3 in the iteration towards the Mandelbrot set is a pear-shaped curve. In Cartesian coordinates with a constant r, the ...

A semiring is a set together with two binary operators S(+,*) satisfying the following conditions: 1. Additive associativity: For all a,b,c in S, (a+b)+c=a+(b+c), 2. Additive ...

A local source is a node of a directed graph with no entering edges (Borowski and Borwein 1991, p. 401; left figure), and a global source (often simply called a source) is a ...

A self-avoiding walk in which steps may be to the left, right, or straight ahead after a vertical step, but only straight ahead or to the left after a horizontal step. A ...

The lattice method is an alternative to long multiplication for numbers. In this approach, a lattice is first constructed, sized to fit the numbers being multiplied. If we ...

A cylindric section is the intersection of a plane with a right circular cylinder. It is a circle (if the plane is at a right angle to the axis), an ellipse, or, if the plane ...

A surface of constant negative curvature obtained by twisting a pseudosphere and given by the parametric equations x = acosusinv (1) y = asinusinv (2) z = ...