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A matrix for which horizontal and vertical dimensions are the same (i.e., an n×n matrix). A matrix m may be tested to determine if it is square in Wolfram Language using ...

The square wave, also called a pulse train, or pulse wave, is a periodic waveform consisting of instantaneous transitions between two levels. The square wave is sometimes ...

Let a Cevian PC be drawn on a triangle DeltaABC, and denote the lengths m=PA^_ and n=PB^_, with c=m+n. Then Stewart's theorem, also called Apollonius' theorem, states that ...

The multiplicative suborder of a number a (mod n) is the least exponent e>0 such that a^e=+/-1 (mod n), or zero if no such e exists. An e always exists if GCD(a,n)=1 and n>1. ...

In the process of attaching a k-handle to a manifold M, the boundary of M is modified by a process called (k-1)-surgery. Surgery consists of the removal of a tubular ...

Plotting l_x from a life expectancy table on a logarithmic scale versus x gives a curve known as a survivorship curve. There are three general classes of survivorship curves, ...

A quadrilateral which has an incircle, i.e., one for which a single circle can be constructed which is tangent to all four sides. Opposite sides of such a quadrilateral ...

The (not necessarily regular) tetrahedron of least volume circumscribed around a convex body B with volume V is not known. If B is a parallelepiped, then the smallest-volume ...

The triangular distribution is a continuous distribution defined on the range x in [a,b] with probability density function P(x)={(2(x-a))/((b-a)(c-a)) for a<=x<=c; ...

A module having only one element: the singleton set {*}. It is a module over any ring R with respect to the multiplication defined by a*=* (1) for every a in R, and the ...