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If p^k is the highest power of a prime p dividing the order of a finite group G, then a subgroup of G of order p^k is called a Sylow p-subgroup of G.

Sylvester's criterion states that a matrix M is positive definite iff the determinants associated with all upper-left submatrices of M are positive.

Given a matrix A, let |A| denote its determinant. Then |A||A_(rs,pq)|=|A_(r,p)||A_(s,q)|-|A_(r,q)||A_(s,p)|, (1) where A_(u,w) is the submatrix of A formed by the ...

The numbers of eigenvalues that are positive, negative, or 0 do not change under a congruence transformation. Gradshteyn and Ryzhik (2000) state it as follows: when a ...

Diagonalize a form over the rationals to diag[p^a·A,p^b·B,...], where all the entries are integers and A, B, ... are relatively prime to p. Then Sylvester's signature is the ...

The study of the meaning and relationships of statements used to represent precise mathematical ideas. Symbolic logic is also called formal logic.

A symmetric design is a block design (v, k, lambda, r, b) with the same number of blocks as points, so b=v (or, equivalently, r=k). An example of a symmetric block design is ...

A relation R on a set S is symmetric provided that for every x and y in S we have xRy iff yRx. The symmetric relations on n nodes are isomorphic with the rooted graphs on n ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')-[(M^2-1/4+K^2-2MKcosx)/(sin^2x)+(sigma+K^2+1/4)]y=0.

A symmetry group is a group of symmetry-preserving operations, i.e., rotations, reflections, and inversions (Arfken 1985, p. 245).