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An axiom proposed by Huntington (1933) as part of his definition of a Boolean algebra, H(x,y)=!(!x v y) v !(!x v !y)=x, (1) where !x denotes NOT and x v y denotes OR. Taken ...

An independent variable is a variable whose values don't depend on changes in other variables. This is in contrast to the definition of dependent variable. As with dependent ...

Let sumu_k be a series with positive terms and let f(x) be the function that results when k is replaced by x in the formula for u_k. If f is decreasing and continuous for ...

A bijective map between two metric spaces that preserves distances, i.e., d(f(x),f(y))=d(x,y), where f is the map and d(a,b) is the distance function. Isometries are ...

Levenberg-Marquardt is a popular alternative to the Gauss-Newton method of finding the minimum of a function F(x) that is a sum of squares of nonlinear functions, ...

The Longuet-Higgins circle is the radical circle of the circles centered at the vertices A, B, and C of a reference triangle with respective radii b+c, c+a, and a+b. Its ...

The function defined by y=ks^xb^(q^x) which is used in actuarial science for specifying a simplified mortality law (Kenney and Keeping 1962, pp. 241-242). Using s(x) as the ...

The word "median" has several different meanings in mathematics all related to the "middle" of mathematical objects. The statistical median is an order statistic that gives ...

Mergelyan's theorem can be stated as follows (Krantz 1999). Let K subset= C be compact and suppose C^*\K has only finitely many connected components. If f in C(K) is ...

A nonnegative function g(x,y) describing the "distance" between neighboring points for a given set. A metric satisfies the triangle inequality g(x,y)+g(y,z)>=g(x,z) (1) and ...